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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When a neuron sends an information to another, it makes use of neurotransmitters, chemicals. These need to cross a tiny gap called the synapse. Certain ADHD medications increase the efficiency of these messages. They either help neurons release neurotransmitters more or slow the reuptake (called Reuptake inhibitors). Doctors start people with ADHD with a small dose of medication and observe their responses. They gradually adjust the dosage to discover the “sweet spot,” the lowest dose that results in a significant improvement in symptoms, and has a few adverse effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the first type of medication doctors often try to help kids with ADHD. It is a way to increase the amount of dopamine and norepinephrine that is present in the brains of children which aids them in focusing and pay attention. It also reduces their hyperactivity and impulsivity. It is important to remember that methylphenidate is a controlled substance and should only be taken under the supervision of a doctor. The most well-known methylphenidate drug is Ritalin. It's available as tablets with immediate release (Ritalin, Concerta, or Quillichew ER) chewable tablets with a long-acting mechanism (Cotempla XR-ODT or Adhansia XR) or long-acting capsules (Adhansia PM or Jornay PM). Some versions of the medication contain aspartame (an artificial sweetener), which can be dangerous for those with phenylketonuria, an inherited condition which causes severe intellectual impairment. Inform your doctor if or your child have food allergies. Researchers have found that methylphenidate can reduce abnormal activity in various parts of the brain, which includes the nucleus of accumbens, as well as a brain network comprised of three networks that play an important role in the process of adaptive control. This could explain why methylphenidate was found to be among the most effective medications for treating ADHD. The adverse effects of stimulants can include sleepiness, nausea, headaches, anxiety, agitation or an agitation and tics. These aren't common however they can be serious. If you experience any of them, you should call your doctor immediately. You should also inform your doctor if you or your child suffers from allergies or an underlying heart condition, depression, bipolar disorder or other mental health conditions or glaucoma, a past history of stroke or seizures or if you're taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as isocarboxazid (Marplan) and linezolid (Zyvox) and the methylene blue, or phenelzine (Nardil). It is essential to take methylphenidate exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Amphetamines Amphetamines can help you concentrate on your thoughts and ignore distractions by speeding up the transmission of messages between brain cells. They are the most commonly used treatments for ADHD in children and adults. They increase the levels neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. adhd adult medication are available both in short-acting (immediate-release) and intermediate or long-acting varieties. They are available orally or through injection. Certain people are affected by the negative side effects of stimulant medication, like restlessness, difficulties sleeping, or an increased heart rate or high blood pressure. Your doctor will be able to monitor your symptoms and adjust the dose to determine the most effective one for you. Some people will require multiple prescriptions to achieve the desired result. The effects of stimulants are primarily on two neurotransmitters that are located in the prefrontal cortex. This is the region of the brain that regulates emotions and governs your behavior. These drugs are used to treat a range of mental health issues, including ADD/ADHD, depression anxiety, bipolar disorder and depression. The most commonly used kinds of stimulant drugs include amphetamines and methylphenidates. The FDA has approved dozens brand-name stimulants to treat ADHD. They are available in various forms, ranging from short-acting to long-acting. They are injected orally or by injection. Truck drivers, students and teenagers who need more energy to compete in endurance sports may abuse amphetamines. Amphetamines can trigger mental and physical issues when used improperly, especially in higher doses. ADHD can be treated using non-stimulant medications. They include atomoxetine and clonidine, and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are based on the same chemicals that stimulants do, but they are less likely to exacerbate the symptoms of tics in those with Tourette syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medications are used to treat teens and children with ADHD. These medications can be taken orally or applied to the skin. They are available as pills that can be swallowed or chewed, capsules that can be opened and sprinkled on food, and liquid and patches. They are typically only available with a doctor's prescription. These include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants work fast and last from 3 to 6 hours. These medications alleviate symptoms in 70-80 percent of children and adults with ADHD. They reduce fidgeting, interrupting and make it easier to complete tasks. They also help improve academic performance and relationships. However, they can't address the root causes of ADHD. It's important to combine the two therapies with behavior therapy. It's important to know that ADHD medications can have negative side effects. They can make you drowsy or cranky, and they may interfere with your sleep. However, these effects are usually small and disappear as the medication is gone from your body. Your doctor might advise you to start with a small dosage and gradually increase it. They will watch you or your child to see if there are any problems with the medication. It may take time to find the appropriate dosage and medication for you or your child. It is recommended to speak openly with your health care team. They may suggest changes in the frequency of medication that you or your child is taking or if any medication is needed at all. They will also want to know whether you or your child has any other medical or mental ailments. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants are used to treat ADHD symptoms by altering the activities of key neurotransmitters in the brain. This can increase the levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine. These two chemicals are essential for the functioning of the pre-frontal cortex region of the brain (think of it as your “secretary” in the executive function part of your brain). Most kids with ADHD respond well to stimulant medications. Your doctor will collaborate with you to figure out which type of medication and dosage is right for you. You may need to test various types of medicines before you find the one that is right for you or your child. You can take these stimulants in tablet or liquid form. They work quickly and last up to four hours. The “crash effect” is a sign that the medication wears off. This is characterized by rapid reduction in energy levels as well as extreme hunger. Long-acting stimulants (like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine) are also available. They are more complex and require prescription. They are injected in the bloodstream, and become active in red blood cell. It can take time to find the right dosage, medication and schedule for you or your child. Your doctor will track how you respond to medication and will be on the lookout for any issues like sleep issues. They will also advise you about medications that are not stimulant if you or your child are not responding well to stimulants. Do not stop or alter your ADHD medication without consulting your doctor. It is also essential to inform your doctor about any over-the counter supplements or medications you're taking, because some of them can interfere with certain ADHD medication. Long-acting stimulants Stimulant medications work for 70-80 percent of adults and children with ADHD and help cut down on hyperactivity, interrupting, fidgeting, and impulsivity. They also help improve focus and help people finish tasks and maintain relationships. However, they may not reduce moodiness or other troublesome symptoms. They may also cause side effects such as sleepiness, loss of appetite and jitteriness. They can also trigger stomachaches, changes in heart rhythm and high blood pressure. The medicines work in stages aiding in the treatment of ADHD symptoms throughout the day. The majority of these medications start to work within 30 to 60 minutes, and wear off after 3 to 6 hours. They can be used by themselves or in conjunction with other types of ADHD treatment, such as behavioral therapy. Some of these long-acting stimulants like atomoxetine (Strattera) and Guanfacine-ER (Intuniv), last through the night and into the morning. Some doctors recommend using them to fill an afternoon trough, so patients don't need an additional dose of medication at school or afterschool. Long-acting stimulants don't boost dopamine levels as much as short- and intermediate-acting drugs, but they do boost the levels of dopamine significantly. They don't have the same effects on rebound as shorter-acting stimulants. Long-acting stimulants due to the possibility of adverse effects are typically prescribed as a second treatment for adults with ADHD and older teens. But they can be used as a first-line treatment option for those with ADHD who haven't had a response to other medications. While medication can aid in improving concentration and self-control, it's never the whole answer for those who suffer from ADHD. With the help of healthy eating habits, regular sleep and other self-help strategies it's possible to decrease or even eliminate the need for ADHD medication.